General Concepts Archives - Network Encyclopedia

Port 80 and port 443 are both used for transmitting HTTP and HTTPS traffic, respectively, but they operate at different layers of the networking stack and use different protocols. Port 80 is used for unencrypted HTTP traffic. It operates at the application layer of the networking stack, which means it is responsible for delivering messages between programs running on the network. When you enter a URL into your web browser and hit enter, your computer sends an HTTP request to the server using port 80, asking for the content at that URL. The server responds with an HTTP response, which is delivered back to your computer through port 80. Port 443 is used for encrypted HTTPS traffic. It also operates at the application layer, but it uses the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols to encrypt the data being transmitted between the client and the server. This is important for protecting sensitive information, such as passwords and credit card numbers, from being intercepted by third parties. When you visit a website using HTTPS, your computer establishes a secure connection to the server using port 443 and then exchanges encrypted data with that server. In summary, port 80 is used for unencrypted HTTP traffic, while port 443 is used for encrypted HTTPS traffic. Both ports are commonly used for accessing websites. However, port 443 is typically preferred for secure transactions because it encrypts the data being transmitted. Today, all major websites have switched from HTTP to HTTPS. The fact that Google uses HTTPS as a signal for its search engine ranking was decisive for this shift. Is any other port used for internet traffic? There are many other ports that are commonly used for various types of internet traffic. Some of the more well-known ports include: Port 25: Used for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) traffic, which is used for sending email.Port 53: Used for Domain Name System (DNS) traffic, which is used for resolving domain names to IP addresses.Port 8080: Often used as an alternative to port 80 for HTTP traffic, especially when port 80 is already in use.Port 143: Used for Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) traffic, which is used for accessing email on a server.Port 389: Used for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) traffic, which is used for accessing directories and performing directory-based operations. There are many other ports that are used for various purposes, and different ports are assigned to different services based on conventions set by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Some services, such as HTTP and HTTPS, can use multiple ports, while others are typically associated with a single port. How to open ports in a firewall? First of all, you should only open ports that are really needed. To open a port in a firewall, you will need to use the firewall's configuration tool to specify which ports should be allowed through the firewall. The exact steps for doing this will depend on the type of firewall you are using and the operating system it is running on. Here are some general steps that you can follow to open a port in a firewall: Identify the port that you want to open. You will need to know the port number and the protocol (e.g., TCP or UDP) that the port uses.Determine the firewall you are using. This could be a hardware firewall, such as a router, or a software firewall, such as the built-in firewall in your operating system.Access the firewall's configuration tool. This is usually done through a web-based interface or a standalone program.Locate the option for configuring incoming or outgoing connections. This is usually found in a section called "Firewall Rules" or something similar.Add a new rule to allow traffic through the port you want to open. You will need to specify the port number and protocol, as well as any other relevant details, such as the IP address or network range that the rule should apply.Save the changes and apply the new firewall rule. The changes may take effect immediately, or you may need to restart the firewall for them to take effect. You should only open ports that are absolutely necessary, and you should make sure that you have strong security measures in place to protect against potential threats. What Is Port Forwarding? Port forwarding is a networking technique that allows incoming traffic to be directed to a specific device on a network, based on the port number of the incoming traffic. It is often used to allow access to servers or other resources that are behind a firewall or a network address translation (NAT) device, such as a router. Here's how port forwarding works: A device on the internet, such as a computer or a server, sends a request to a specific port on a public IP address.The NAT device receives the request and looks up the port forwarding rules to determine where to send the traffic.If there is a port forwarding rule that matches the port number of the incoming request, the NAT device will forward the traffic to the specified device on the internal network.The device on the internal network receives the traffic and processes the request.The device responds to the request and sends the response back through the NAT device and out to the internet. Port forwarding can be helpful for a variety of purposes, such as hosting a web server or a game server, or for accessing resources on a network remotely. However, it is important to be careful when setting up port forwarding, as it can create security vulnerabilities if not properly configured. Using strong passwords, encryption, and other security measures is a good idea to protect against potential threats. External References RFC 3205 - On the use of HTTP as a SubstrateRFC 2818 - HTTP Over TLS