Category: A to Z

  • Data-Link Layer

    Data-Link Layer

    Data-link Layer is the second layer of the OSI model, which converts frames of data into raw bits for the physical layer and is responsible for framing, flow control, error correction, and retransmission of frames.

  • Media Access Control (MAC) Layer

    Media Access Control (MAC) Layer

    The MAC Layer is one of the two sublayers into which the data-link layer (layer 2) of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model is subdivided based on the specifications of IEEE Project 802.

  • Logical Link Control (LLC) Layer

    Logical Link Control (LLC) Layer

    Logical Link Control, or LLC, is one of the two sublayers into which the data-link layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model is subdivided for data-link protocols used on local area networks (LANs).

  • Copper Cabling

    Copper Cabling

    n the vast universe of networking, the arteries that keep the data flowing are often made of a familiar, yet crucial material: copper cabling. But what makes copper cabling the backbone of so many networks?

  • Coaxial Cable: Structure, Types, and Applications

    Coaxial Cable: Structure, Types, and Applications

    Coaxial Cabling is a form of network cabling used primarily in older Ethernet networks and in electrically noisy industrial environments.

  • Cat 4 Cable: Tracing the Legacy of a Networking Milestone

    Cat 4 Cable: Tracing the Legacy of a Networking Milestone

    Cat 4 or Category 4 Cabling is the fourth-lowest grade of unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cabling. Category 4 cabling was designed to support digital voice and data communication at speeds up to 16 Mbps.

  • Cat 3 Cable: Exploring its Legacy

    Cat 3 Cable: Exploring its Legacy

    Category 3 Cabling is the third-lowest grade of unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cabling. Category 3 cabling was designed to support digital voice and data communication at speeds up to 10 Mbps.

  • Category 2 Cabling [Cat2 Cable]

    Category 2 Cabling [Cat2 Cable]

    Dive into the history and specifications of Category 2 (Cat2) cabling, a foundational yet outdated technology in networking. Learn about its common uses, technical limitations, and why it was phased out.

  • Category 1 Cabling (CAT1 Cable)

    Category 1 Cabling (CAT1 Cable)

    Discover the history and limitations of Cat1 cable, a voice-only communication relic. Learn why it’s phased out and how it compares to modern cables.

  • File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

    File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

    FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol is an Internet standard application-level TCP/IP protocol that can be used for transferring files between hosts on a TCP/IP internetwork.

  • FAT32

    FAT32 is an enhanced version of file allocation table (FAT), supported by Microsoft Windows 95 OSR2, Windows 98, and Windows 2000.

  • MS-DOS

    MS-DOS

    MS-DOS is the venerable operating system created by Microsoft for the first IBM personal computer in 1981. In this article: How DOS works, History, list of commands, list of versions, and more.